Population and demography of Mongolia

The mongolian's population today

There are 29 ethnic groups in Mongolia, all of whom are the descendants of either Mongolian nomadic tribes or groups of Turkic origin who have become Mongolized over time. Khalkh Mongols constitute 86% of the population. The other significant ethnic groups are Kazakhs in the west of the country and Buriates in the north. Ethnic distinctions among the Mongol subgroups are relatively minor.  Language or tribal differences are not a political or social issue. Mongolians are a peaceful nation.

There are more Mongolians living outside the borders of Mongolia than inside. 3.5 million live in China and 1 million in Russia without counting the descendants of the conquered hordes who are in Central Asia (Yunnan, Nepal, Afghanistan) and as far as Turkey.

About 60% of Mongolia’s population is urban, and more than half the urban population lives in Ulaanbaatar.  The estimated 2006 population of the urban part of Ulaanbaatar was 994,300, of whom about one third lived in apartment buildings in the built up core of the city. 

The population of Ulaanbaatar has been rapidly increasing in the last five years, as a result of in-migration from the rural areas and from the provincial centers, especially after the last two years of dzud. Most of the migrants settle in ger areas.

Demographics datas of Mongolia (from the National Statistical Office of Mongolia)

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Population, resident, year-end, ths.persons

Population, resident at year-end (est. 2006) : 2,594,800
Male:    1,265,300
Female: 1,329,500

Density (2006) : 1,6 hab / km˛

Rural density : 0,65 hab /km˛

Population Ulaan Baatar (est. 2006) : 994,300

Population Ulaan Baatar (est 97) : 649,800

Darkhan Population (est. 2006) : 87,500

Erdenet population (est. 2006) : 79 400

Principal ethnic groups : Khalkha (86%) - Kazakh (6%) - Bouriate (2%)

Demographic growth (est. 2006) : 1,3%

Total fertility rate (est.2006) : 2,1

Average life expectancy (est.2006) : 65,85

Male     : 62.59

Female  : 69.38

Births under medical care (est.2001) : 99%

Access to health care : 95%

Infant mortality       : 19,1 / 1 000

Maternal mortality  (st.2006) : 145 / 100 000

Literacy rate (est.2002) : 83%

Religion : 94% Tibetan Buddhism, 4% Muslim

Official language : Khalkha Mongol. 

English is the most widely used foreign language. Lately, Korean and Japanese are gaining popularity 

among youth while Russian is gradually losing usage and popularity. 

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